“Dogmatism in science is the unquestioning acceptance of established scientific beliefs, which can hinder progress and stifle innovation. Dogmatic claims are rare in science because theories are based on experimental evidence, multiple laboratories, and different approaches. However, some factors that can contribute to scientific dogmatism include: Lack of scientific literacy, Preconceived notions of the outcome of scientific research, Expectations that science can provide clear and definitive answers, Social media, and Appeal to authority. Some examples of scientific dogma include: The reproducibility crisis, where independent researchers cannot replicate many published scientific findings The mask-wearing controversy, where public health authorities promoted mask-wearing as a universal preventive measure, but subsequent analyses cast doubt on its effectiveness .” Opinion: Scientists Must Combat Scientific Dogmatism | The Scientist Magazine® 23 Sept 2021 The Scientist Dogmas, paradigms and proving hypotheses | Nature Immunology Nature When Science Becomes Dogma 21 Nov 2023 Julian Talbot